بازار آب در تئوری و عمل: شکست بازار و سیاست عمومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

امروزه توسعه ساز و کارهای تخصیص مبتنی بر بازار به عنوان یک روش پایدار، انعطاف ‏پذیر و کارا در مدیریت منابع آب و باز توزیع آن بین مصارف مختلف مطرح است. با این حال توانایی بازار در تخصیص کارا و بهینه آب در گرو برقراری شرایطی خاص از بازار و کالای مورد مبادله (آب) است. تجارب مختلف نشان می‏ دهد که در عمل توانایی بازار در ایجاد چنین تخصیصی بدون محدودیت نبوده و ریسک‏ هایی وجود دارد که ممکن است طراحی نامناسب ساختار بازار به شکست آن منجر شود. هدف این پژوهش ضمن تبیین مبانی نظری بازار آب، تشریح الزامات پیاده‏ سازی آن در عمل و شناسایی مواردی است که منجر به ناکارایی و شکست بازار آب می ‏گردد. بر این اساس پیشنهادها و راه‏ حل ‏های سیاست عمومی برای اصلاح این ناکارایی‏ ها بر اساس تجارب جهانی و داخلی و با تأکید بر شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حقوقی حاکم بر مدیریت منابع آب کشور ارائه شده است.

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