Economic Instruments for Management of Natural Resources and Environmental; Case Study: Ecosystem Services Payment

Document Type : review paper

Authors

• Alireza Daneshi
• mehdi vafakhah
• Mostafa Panahi

10.22067/jwsd.v1i2.35827

Abstract

Ecosystems supply and distribute a wide range of services which human communities depend on all around the world. They seem to be among the most important elements of our economic welfare and personal well-being. Today, the prerequisite of any effort aimed at preventing the dire consequences of ecosystem mismanagement is implementing a sound ecosystem management. A performance evaluation of the institutions concerned with environmental protection throughout the world, including Iranian institutions, and in recent decades revealed that currently most efforts and policies depend on guidelines and imperatives rather than approaches which benefit from economic instruments. Working alongside laws and regulations, economic instruments can play a decisive role in the environmental protection. Currently, there are a host of such instruments available but all ecosystems do not necessarily respond to a given instrument in the same way. The "payment for ecosystem services"(PES) is one of such economic instruments which has been widely used throughout the world in recent years and compared to other natural resource management instruments, it has been providing positive results. The participation of corporate stakeholders and local communities are among the advantages of this method which makes it both easy to implement and highly effective.

Keywords

• Economic instruments
• Market-Based Instruments
• Environmental Protection
• Natural Resource Management
• PES

---

References

پناهی، م. 1384. ارزش گذاری اقتصادی جنگل‌های خزری. رساله دکتری اقتصاد محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، 294ص.

پوراصغرسنگاچین، ف. 1389. مقایسه تحلیلی ابزارهای اقتصادی برای حفاظت از محیط‌زیست و پیشنهادهایی برای عملیاتی کردن آنها در برنامه‌های توسعه کشور. مجله محیط زیست و توسعه، 1: 73 -90.

صالحی، ا.، حبیبی، ع.، پوراصغر سنگاچین، ف. 1390. مقدمه ای بر اقتصاد بوم شناختی. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران (چاپ اول).

عمادزاده، م.، باستانى فر، ا.، ابراهیمى، س. 1386. بررسی و پیش‌بینی همزمان تأثیرات اقتصادى محیط زیستى طرح‌ها مطالعه موردى شهرک علمى تحقیقاتى اصفهان. فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری، 4(1)(پیاپی 12):51-73.

مشایخی، ز. 1386. ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی زاگرس در کاهش روان آب سریع به عنوان یک خدمت محیط‌زیستی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌های بازفت استان چهارمحال و بختیاری). پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد جنگل، دانشگاه تهران، 136ص.

Asquith N.M., Vargas, M.T., and Wunder, S. 2008. Selling Two Environmental Services: In Kind Payments for Bird Habitat and Watershed Protection in Los Negros Bolivia. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 675 – 684.

Bennett M.T. 2008. China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program: Institutional Innovation or Business as Usual?. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 699-711.

Claassen R., Cattane R., and Johansson R. 2008. Cost-Effective Design of Agri-Environmental Payment Programs: U.S. Experience in Theory and Practice. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 737-752.

Dobbs T.L., and Pretty J. 2008. Case Study of Agre-Environmental Payments: The United Kingdom. Ecological Economics, 65 (4):765-775.

Dong Z., Yan Y., Duan J., Fu X., Zhou Q., Huang X., Zhu X., and Zhao J. 2011. Computing Payment for Ecosystem Services in Watersheds: An Analysis of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion in China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23 (12): 2005–2012.

Echavarria M., Vogel J., Alban M., and Meneses F. 2004. The Impacts of Payments for Watershed Services in Ecuador, Emerging Lessons from Pimampiro and Cuenca, International Institute for Environment and Development. Environmental Economics Program, 61 p.

Engel S., Pagiola S., and Wunder S. 2008. Designing Payments for Environmental Services in Theory and Practice: An Overview of the Issues. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 663-674.

FAO. 2004. Payment Schemes for Environmental Services in Watersheds. In: Muradian, R., Kiersch, B. (Eds.), Land and Water Discussion Paper 3, in Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 74 p.

Ferraro P.J. 2001. Global habitat protection: limitations of development interventions and a role for conservation performance payments. Conservation Biology 15 (4), 990–1000.

Frost P.G.H., and Bond I. 2008. The Campfire Program in Zimbabwe: Payments for Wildlife Services. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 776-787.

Groot R.B.A, and Hermans L.M. 2009. Broadening the Picture: Negotiating Payment Schemes for Water-Related Environmental Services in the Netherlands. Ecological Economics, 68 (11): 2760–2767.

Johnson N., White A., and Perrot-Maitre D. 2001. Developing Markets for Water Services from Forests. Forest Trends,Katoomba Group, 19 p.

Landell-Mills N., and Porras I. 2002. Silver Bullet or Fools Gold? A Global Review of Markets for Forest Environmental Services and their Impacts on the Poor. International Institute for Environment and Development, 254 p.

Munoz Escobar M., Hollaender R., and Weffer C.P. 2013. Institutional Durability of Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services: Lessons from Two Case Studies from Colombia and Germany. (In Press).

Munoz Pina C., Guevara A., Torres J.M., and Brana J. 2008. Paying for the Hydrological Services of Mexico’s Forests: Analysis, Negotiations and Results. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 725-736.

Pagiola S. 2002. Paying for Water Services in Central America: Learning from Costarica. In: Pagiola, S., Bishop, J., Landell-Mills, N. (Eds.), Selling Forest Environmental Services: Market-Based Mechanisms for Conservation and Development, Earth Scan, Landen, 37–61.

Pagiola S., Arcenas A., and Platais G. 2005. Can payments for environmental serviceshelp reduce poverty? An exploration of the issues and the evidence to date fromLatin America. World Dev. 33, 237–253.

Pagiola S. 2008. Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics 65, 712–724.

Smith M., Groot D., Perrot-Maitre D., and Bergkamp G. 2006. Pay Establishing Payments for Watershed Services. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 110 p.

Tognetti S.S., Mendoza G., Aylward B., and Southgate D., Garcia, L. 2004. A Knowledge and Assessment Guide to Support the Development of Payment Arrangements for Watershed Ecosystem Services (PWES). Prepared for the World Bank, Washington, DC, 87 p.

Turpie J.K., Marais C., and Blignaut J.N. 2008 The Working for Water Programme: Evolution of a payments for Ecosystem Services Mechanism that Addresses both Poverty and Ecosystem Service Delivery in South Africa. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 788-798.

UNEP. 2008. Payment for Ecosystem Services: Getting Started, the Katoomba group press, 64p.

Watson R.T., and Zakri A.H. 2003. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and HumanWell-being: A Framework for Assessment. Island Press, 245 p.

Wendland K.J., Honzak M., Portela R., Vitale B., Rubinoff S., and Randrianarisoa J. 2010. Targeting and Implementing Payments for Ecosystem Services: Opportunities for Bundling Biodiversity Conservation with Carbon and Water Services in Madagascar. Ecological Economics, 69 (11): 2093–2107.

Wunder S. 2007. The Efficiency of Payments for Environmental Services in Tropical Conservation", Conservation Biology, 21 (1): 48–58.

Wunder S., and Alban M. 2008. Decentralized Payments for Environmental Services: The Cases of Pimampiro and Profafor in Ecuador. Ecological Economics, 65 (4): 685-698.