Ali Bagheri
Abstract
A look at the "bed" of the formation of water events (editorial)
Ali Bagheri / Member of the editorial board of the magazine
Water saving (short note)
Shahnaz Neyshabouri / Deputy of Planning and Management Improvement of Mashhad Water and Sewerage Company
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations ...
Read More
A look at the "bed" of the formation of water events (editorial)
Ali Bagheri / Member of the editorial board of the magazine
Water saving (short note)
Shahnaz Neyshabouri / Deputy of Planning and Management Improvement of Mashhad Water and Sewerage Company
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Water and Sustainable Development (Short Note)
Mehdi Jamshidi / Managing Director of Water Rescuers Association
Dead critical forbidden plains (short note)
Mohammad Hassan Shariati / Master of Watershed Management and former Director of Soil, Water and Engineering Technical Affairs of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Jihad Organization
malihe malek jafarian; mohammadreza mohseni
Abstract
Financial and economic analysis of investment constitute an essential part of the decision making process. In this paper the feasibility of executing wastewater projects has been assessed using techniques of Engineering Economics including economic and financial analyses. Primarily, the economic and ...
Read More
Financial and economic analysis of investment constitute an essential part of the decision making process. In this paper the feasibility of executing wastewater projects has been assessed using techniques of Engineering Economics including economic and financial analyses. Primarily, the economic and financial assessments of a specific project in Kalateh-Khij city, with a population of five thousand, were carried out based on the information of the city and certain indicators. Regardless to the external effects, the profitability of the project was examined for the private sector’s investment. Since the Net Present Values for two possible scenarios of using sewage in the agriculture and/or industry sections with the lowest expected rate of interest (5%) were negative, the project was not economically feasible. Furthermore, the results showed that the treatment of wastewater for using in irrigation is more economical than in industry. Since the element of uncertainty in the incidence of costs and benefits makes the investors and decision makers doubtful in using C&B analysis, the sensitivity analysis was applied by separately changing different discount rates, unfavorable changes (favorable) of incomes and expenses; and fixed costs (decrease) so as to examine the effective factors in the economization of the projects. The results showed that executing this project for larger and more populated cities will be more economical according to decrease in the capital costs per unit.
adel dahimavy; Mansour Ghanian; omid m. ghoochani; Heydar Zareyi
Abstract
In recent years, more attention has been drawn to decision-making science in the academic community of the country and relatively comprehensive research has been carried out in accordance with choosing the preferred option in the fields of industry, commerce and trade, mining etc. However, in the field ...
Read More
In recent years, more attention has been drawn to decision-making science in the academic community of the country and relatively comprehensive research has been carried out in accordance with choosing the preferred option in the fields of industry, commerce and trade, mining etc. However, in the field of water resources development projects and the need for applying scientific techniques to decide on the choice of the most suitable and most economical option for the start of operations, a thorough investigation has not been done. In the process of development of water resources, farmers are considered as investor and if an inappropriate choice is selected, it may have negative consequences resulting from the implementation the project and it can be more than its positive effects and will led to many social and political problems. Moreover it is very important to prioritize national and regional projects due to limitation of financial resources and the return on investment. There are unfinished projects in the country and the inability to provide the necessary funds for the completion of these projects has led to the prioritization of projects become more important than before. In this regards using a scientific decision making method in the level of provinces and even country is necessary. In this paper by investigating the situation of irrigation and drainage projects and public participation under the scope of water and power of the Khuzestan province, the desired indices of authorities and farmers were defined. then by using “SAW” and “WPM” methods, the rank of each project was calculated and according to this ranking, the priority of implementation of each project of the organization were determined.
Reza Shahrjerdi1; maryam Raoufinia; seyedhossein sajadifar; abdorreza Khalili
Abstract
One of the most important strategies for governments to increase the efficiency of different economic sectors, including public services such as water, is to protect and strengthen the private sector. BOT and BOO contracts are among the most common and popular procedures of development of participation ...
Read More
One of the most important strategies for governments to increase the efficiency of different economic sectors, including public services such as water, is to protect and strengthen the private sector. BOT and BOO contracts are among the most common and popular procedures of development of participation and investment from private sector. In this context, providing a good basis for the selection of investment projects using a powerful tool in order to improve the product quality and creating a qualitative customer-driven system (Quality Function Development) is very important. Therefore, the use of multi-criteria decision-making techniques, such as the similarity of the ideal options is necessary to choose the ideal investment. In this paper, a new method proposed to solve the problem of selection of investment projects by employing a powerful tool to improve product quality (Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (F(QFD)) and Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making techniques (FTOPSIS) and then by considering the factors of risk and their impact on four important factors of the projects including: time, cost, scope and quality. Consequently, FQFD was used to calculate the weight of each risk factor, and then they were ranked by FTOPSIS algorithm based on the development of infrastructure projects and assets. Subsequently, we show through a case study of the proposed method.
A.A. Ghezelsofloo; R. Azimi
Abstract
According to the reports, industrial livestock activities have most pernicious and harmful impacts on water resources quality. Livestock activities include cattle breeding, animals feeding, cleaning animals resting sites, the storage of livestock manure and even abandoned places for livestock keeping ...
Read More
According to the reports, industrial livestock activities have most pernicious and harmful impacts on water resources quality. Livestock activities include cattle breeding, animals feeding, cleaning animals resting sites, the storage of livestock manure and even abandoned places for livestock keeping impose large negative effects on water quality. Such impacts stems from high density or livestock producing large amounts of waste. The livestock population density is not the only factor affecting the quality of water resources, but also to manage the collection and disposal of animal waste can also affect the quality of water resources. As per surveys and field reconnaissance carried out on Mashhad, in the current situation, animal waste disposal in most cases is done in unwise and unsystematic manner (accumulation and disposal in agricultural land). In general in Mashhad plain, the main cause of water pollution in the vicinity of livestock production is incorrect storage of animal manure so that annually many manure are produced. In case they enter to aquifer, it will causes most hazardous pollution. In ingoing study, the vulnerability of Mashhad Plain Aquifer to pollutants is evaluated and given importance of groundwater resources in the provision of drinking water, some solutions to prevent, control and reduce pollution will be discussed.
Reza Heydarzadeh; Mohsen Mohtasham
Abstract
In parts of desert regions in our country, groundwater is the only source of fresh water and due to geological formation, the concentration of hexavalent chromium in groundwater will reach beyond the allowed limits. Furthermore, previous studies showed that hexavalent chromium is a cancerous substance ...
Read More
In parts of desert regions in our country, groundwater is the only source of fresh water and due to geological formation, the concentration of hexavalent chromium in groundwater will reach beyond the allowed limits. Furthermore, previous studies showed that hexavalent chromium is a cancerous substance for humans and toxic for other organisms. In this study the removal of hexavalent chromium from drinking water using reclamation method which turns hexavalent chromium into Cr(III) using Fe(II) as a function of pH and amount of Fe(II) injection were investigated. The removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from drinking water using Fe(II) increased at pH 7.8-8.15, then any increase or decrease in pH leaded to decrease in the efficiency of hexavalent chromium removal. The pH adjustments were done by adding Ca(OH)2 Solution and o.lN NaOH. Results Showed that Cr(VI) reduction will be higher if we use Ca(OH)2 solution for pH adjustment instead of O.1N NaOH. Not only Ca(OH)2 solution improves the Cr(VI) removal efficiency but also it increases the final turbidity of water and it should be noticed in drinking purposes. On the other hand, Ca(OH)2 solution can be used because of its safety and lower cost.
hossein shariati; saeed reza khodashenas
Abstract
Scouring is the removal of sediment particles resulted from variations of flow pattern. Local scour is considered among the reasons of instability and ultimately failure of bridges. During the past decades, different methods were proposed against local scour at bridge piers. These methods can be broadly ...
Read More
Scouring is the removal of sediment particles resulted from variations of flow pattern. Local scour is considered among the reasons of instability and ultimately failure of bridges. During the past decades, different methods were proposed against local scour at bridge piers. These methods can be broadly classified into two categories: flow-altering and bed-armoring methods. Each method can be classified into different groups based on their shapes and performances. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation on the studies of various methods against local scour, combination methods in experimental conditions and limitations in field applications were carried out. Also, suggestions were presented for further research on selecting methods for controlling local scour around bridge piers.
M.H. Rahimian; M.J. Rousta; H. Razzaqian
Abstract
On-farm management practices with the aim of improving Water Use Efficiency (WUE) are among the practical ways of overcoming the water scarcity problem. This study aims to investigate ways of implementing agricultural water management in Abarkouh region, Yazd province, which mainly deals with problems ...
Read More
On-farm management practices with the aim of improving Water Use Efficiency (WUE) are among the practical ways of overcoming the water scarcity problem. This study aims to investigate ways of implementing agricultural water management in Abarkouh region, Yazd province, which mainly deals with problems such as water scarcity and salinity of soil and water resources. To this end, the resulting scientific and practical solutions of the research were implemented on two separate wheat fields. The proposed methods include alternative irrigation techniques, land leveling, irrigation scheduling (intervals and volumes), seed density and fertilization. The total applied water during a full agricultural season, grain yield and water use efficiency index (the ratio of the product to the water consumed) were determined and eventually compared with the control treatment (agricultural land). The results indicated that the precise application of the proposed techniques can result in up to 15% decrease in the irrigation time and 20% increase in WUE. This could be a practical step towards ensuring sustainable agricultural production in spite of water scarcity problems, especially in rural areas, and conserving agricultural inputs, especially water.
vahid Rezaverdinejad; Amir Noorjo; Hossein Mohammmadi Mazrae; Afshin Khorsand
Abstract
In this study, the effect of furrow Firming rollers were investigated to improve furrow irrigation parameters such as: advance time, runoff, deep percolation and irrigation efficiency (application efficiency) in the roller treatments, nonroller treatments (traditional) and treatment of including compacted ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of furrow Firming rollers were investigated to improve furrow irrigation parameters such as: advance time, runoff, deep percolation and irrigation efficiency (application efficiency) in the roller treatments, nonroller treatments (traditional) and treatment of including compacted with tractor wheel in the Miandab agriculctural station in west Azerbaijan during 2001-2002. After the land praparing, rollers were designed and built at 6 different size including with three diameter: 25, 40 and 55 cm and two width: 12.5 and 15 cm. Evauation was conducted with three sinkers that weights includes: 25, 50 and 75 kg were loaded on the rollers. Among between different roller dimentions, the highest irrigation efficiencies were 55.4 and 55.3% which obtained with the roller dimentions of 55 and 15 cm diameter and width, respectively, and among the weight treatments the highest level of irrigation efficiency was related to weight treatment equal 75 kg and about 55.18%. while the irrigation efficiencies were 48.9 and 45.4% in compacted furrow with tractor wheel and non compacted, respectively. Results showed that the effect of width and diameter of roller and sinkers were significant on the irrigation parameters and increasing of irrigation performance.
Armin Boostani; Kazem Esmaili
Abstract
Rivers are among the most important surface water resources which have always been of significance throughout the history of mankind. This significance is due to human dependence on water for answering his needs such as agriculture, water transfer, flood control and water transportation. In the past, ...
Read More
Rivers are among the most important surface water resources which have always been of significance throughout the history of mankind. This significance is due to human dependence on water for answering his needs such as agriculture, water transfer, flood control and water transportation. In the past, it was assumed that basic measures such as exploiting rivers or managing floods were only limited to the river engineering whereas they fell into the river management and reclamation domain. However, in the modern sense of the word, river engineering is not much older than 50 to 60 years and it is considered a relatively new branch of Water Civil Engineering in our country. This one-dimensional view of river engineering should be lifted. Before engaging in the advance levels of this science, experts require sufficient practical knowledge of hydrology, geology and environment. Each river is unique and it is never wise to generalize the results of a scientific observation or experiment to other rivers. The present research refers to the experiences and guidelines of United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for educating competent river engineers in the future and expanding the knowledge of the experts who are engaged in this field.
mahsa Malmir; masume Delbari
Abstract
Groundwater is the main water resource for domestic and agricultural uses in Iran. So real-time mapping of groundwater depth can guide to have a proper exploitation of groundwater. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of depth to groundwater in Barkhar plain in Esfahan using ...
Read More
Groundwater is the main water resource for domestic and agricultural uses in Iran. So real-time mapping of groundwater depth can guide to have a proper exploitation of groundwater. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of depth to groundwater in Barkhar plain in Esfahan using geostatistical methods. In this regard, the measurements of groundwater depth between July and November of 2007, 2009 and 2011 belonging to 36 observation wells were used. Data samples were first checked for any error or mistake then the spatial correlation of data was investigated. Groundwater depth values at un-sampled locations were estimated using the interpolation methods including Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) with distance powers of 1, 2, 3 and 4. The performances of selected interpolators were evaluated using the cross-validation technique and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) indices. The results showed that IDW2 for July and November 2009, IDW4 for July 2011 and OK for all other cases were the most accurate approaches as they had the lowest amounts of RMSE and were close to zero amounts of MBE and consequently had the best results in estimation of groundwater depth. The generated maps of groundwater depth showed that depth to groundwater was lower in the southeastern parts and higher in the rest of the study region.
shiva zare; dariush hayati
Abstract
According to the current challenges toward low water use efficiency in agriculture, paying attention to the role of public participation in order to improve irrigation efficiency and effectiveness with useful methods and tools is essential. Hence, approaches such as participatory irrigation management ...
Read More
According to the current challenges toward low water use efficiency in agriculture, paying attention to the role of public participation in order to improve irrigation efficiency and effectiveness with useful methods and tools is essential. Hence, approaches such as participatory irrigation management has been proposed and applied. After the primary investigation in this study, experiences of irrigation and agricultural joint-stock company of Mojen -Shahrood has been studied as an example of successful management of irrigation networks in last five decades. Therefore, social, economic and environmental impacts of the company have been investigated using qualitative methods and SWOT analysis. The most important social impacts of the company’s activities were establishing justice toward water distribution; regulating water distribution; minimizing offenses and theft of water; reducing in water conflicts; increasing confidence in the company; and reducing the immigration rate. In addition, the main economic effects were: more water use efficiency; livelihood improvement; orchards development; increase in lateral activities besides agriculture and horticulture in the region; creation of job opportunity in the city. About the environmental impacts, it can be mentioned that by constructing canals and planting trees and shrubs on the riverbank, floods have been effectively controlled. Implementation of cement/stone canals and optimal distribution of water have reduced flooding and damage to natural species and forests in the area.
Dr Abolfazl Nasseri
Abstract
The most important space for hydrological studies is called Hozeh and/or Abriz in Persian, which is the same as Watershed in English. The origin of meanings for Hozeh and Abriz are not very clear for technical users yet. This study is intended to match technical and literary meanings of Hozeh and Abriz ...
Read More
The most important space for hydrological studies is called Hozeh and/or Abriz in Persian, which is the same as Watershed in English. The origin of meanings for Hozeh and Abriz are not very clear for technical users yet. This study is intended to match technical and literary meanings of Hozeh and Abriz terms. For this purpose, based on technical literature and writings in Hydrology, physical and geometric characteristics of the Hozeh, Abriz and watershed terms were evaluated. In addition, Farsi and English literal dictionaries and related verses and prose were investigated. The results demonstrated that the word "Hozeh" checks against the word "Watershed" properly. For example it is better to use “Hoze e Daryacheh e Urumiyeh” or “Abrize e Daryacheh e Urumiyeh” instead of using “Hoze e Abriz e Daryacheh e Urumiyeh”
