Water Transfer & Hydraulic Structures
Saeid Mohammadhosseini; Amirpouya Sarraf; Babak Aminnejad
Abstract
Optimal management of water resources, especially in multi-reservoir systems, is of great importance due to limited water resources, climate change, increasing demand, and unbalanced distribution of resources. The efficient operation of these systems requires consideration of different and conflicting ...
Read More
Optimal management of water resources, especially in multi-reservoir systems, is of great importance due to limited water resources, climate change, increasing demand, and unbalanced distribution of resources. The efficient operation of these systems requires consideration of different and conflicting objectives while maintaining the safety and stability of the reservoirs. The complexity of this problem, especially in large systems with several interconnected reservoirs, necessitates the use of advanced multi-objective optimization methods. This study presents a bat-based multi-objective optimization model for the operation of multi-reservoir systems. The main objectives of the model include: 1) maximizing the supply of water needs in different sectors, 2) minimizing the costs associated with reservoir management, and 3) maintaining environmental balance through control of releases. Constraints such as reservoir capacity, operation rules, and inflow and outflow conditions are considered in the modeling process. The results obtained from the simulations show that the BAT algorithm can provide a set of optimal solutions from which decision-makers can choose the most appropriate option according to their priorities. Therefore, this approach not only increases the efficiency of multi-reservoir systems but also helps in effective decision-making in water resources management and improves the flexibility of the system in the face of variable and critical conditions. Since the objectives above are important in most multi-reservoir systems, the use of this model can be a great help for decision-makers in the exploitation of such systems.
Water Management and Economy
M. Khani; H. Hoveidi; A. R. Yavari,; M. R. Khani
Abstract
Proper management and planning of water resources in their operation, distribution, and revitalization play an important role in sustainable development. This issue is of much higher importance in countries located in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. Because it is inevitable ...
Read More
Proper management and planning of water resources in their operation, distribution, and revitalization play an important role in sustainable development. This issue is of much higher importance in countries located in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. Because it is inevitable to return and use indigenous technologies and knowledge and update them alongside modern technologies to achieve sustainable development, this research utilizes an extensive study of literature from internal and external sources and exploratory factor analysis to identify and assess the most important criteria or applicable factors of indigenous knowledge relevant to water resources planning and management in Yazd Province. Due to the high importance of the issue, attempts were made to use experienced and relevant faculty members from certain universities, as well as experts and specialists from all relevant organizations in Yazd Province. The results showed that six criteria—protection and stability, integrated management, holistic (comprehensive) approach, cost-effectiveness, compatibility, and dynamism—are found to be more important than others for the area. In the second step of this research, by means of BWM and creating a linear programming model, six principal factors were weighted, and their optimal weights were obtained. The integrated management criterion has the highest weight (0.413), and the holistic approach criterion has the lowest weight (0.048). Moreover, the protection and stability criteria and the cost-effectiveness criteria jointly rank second with a weight of 0.168, and the criteria of compatibility (0.119) and dynamism (0.084), respectively, rank third and fourth.
Water, Ecosystem and Environment
Ameneh Mianabadi; Kamran Davary
Abstract
Global warming in recent decades has caused significant changes in precipitation and temperature, including changes in the mean and standard deviation of these variables and changes in the intensity and frequency of climatic extremes (floods and droughts). Given the importance of these changes in water ...
Read More
Global warming in recent decades has caused significant changes in precipitation and temperature, including changes in the mean and standard deviation of these variables and changes in the intensity and frequency of climatic extremes (floods and droughts). Given the importance of these changes in water resources management, it is crucial to study the trends in these variables. In this study, in 12 selected stations in different climatic regions in Iran, the changes in monthly and annual precipitation and mean temperature during 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 were examined. The results of Mann-Kendall test showed in most stations precipitation had an increasing trend in the first period, and a decreasing trend in the second period; although in both periods the trend was not significant (Z<1.645). The mean temperature has increased in both periods, which in the second period has increased with a higher level of confidence (Z>2,576) and greater slope than in the first period. The average annual rainfall has decreased in most stations, and the average annual temperature has increased in all stations. The distribution of precipitation and temperature showed that in some stations, the probability of occurrence of extreme events and hot and cold periods in the second period has increased compared to the first period. In some other stations, droughts/floods are more/less likely to occur. This indicates that the activity of air masses affecting each station can be intensified or weakened due to climate change.
M Masoumi; A Vaeli; GH Karimi; K Bolhasani; A Kalani; H Ansari
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2023, , Pages 123-130
Water Management and Economy
Alireza Ahmadi; Bahram Malekmohammadi; Lobat Zebardast
Abstract
The utilization of water resources models enables correct and sustainable planning in water resources management. The purpose of this study is to optimize the use of water resources in the catchment area of Varamin plain for 10 years under different management scenarios. To achieve optimal conditions ...
Read More
The utilization of water resources models enables correct and sustainable planning in water resources management. The purpose of this study is to optimize the use of water resources in the catchment area of Varamin plain for 10 years under different management scenarios. To achieve optimal conditions in the volume of water resources, the minimization of non-supply needs and the needs of different land use in Varamin plain were studied. Accordingly, the situation of water resources in Varamin plain in three sectors of agriculture, industry, and drinking using WEAP model under two scenarios: a- reference with prioritization of the ministry of energy and b- scenario of reducing inlet volume by changing prioritization in the period 2016-2026 Solar was evaluated. The climate of the region was studied based on the model of the blue year (flow, precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature) and entered the model. The results showed that according to Scenario A, we will have a 30% shortage of drinking water supply in the region, and this is 37% for the scenario of the reduced input volume. Based on the results, the reference scenario, which in terms of meeting different needs and reliability index of water needs and maximum volume of water not provided during the statistical period, compared to the scenario of the reduced input volume, has a better performance for the Varamin plain, It was considered as the preferred scenario.
Risk, Sustainability and Resilience
azar zarrin; Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari
Volume 8, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 107-112
Abstract
Risk management is the prevention, planning and evaluation to reduce and minimize the potential consequences of crises and it will be achieved through planning. The first step to deal with the drought crisis in different parts of the country and to moderate its effects is to recognize and understand ...
Read More
Risk management is the prevention, planning and evaluation to reduce and minimize the potential consequences of crises and it will be achieved through planning. The first step to deal with the drought crisis in different parts of the country and to moderate its effects is to recognize and understand the reality of drought, especially the interaction of its consequences and multiple causes. The widespread and extremely severe drought of the spring of 2021 in Iran is an indicator of extreme climate events under climate change, highlighting the complex challenges of water supply for competitive use in different regions in times of severe scarcity. There is growing concern about the inefficiency of current drought management practices, which are largely based on crisis management. These methods are reactive and therefore only examine the indicators of drought and ignore the underlying causes of the vulnerabilities associated with its effects. By adopting national drought policies that focus on risk management and by providing programs to mitigate the impacts of drought or preparedness at various levels, the capacity to deal with drought at the national level can be improved. Now is the time to adopt an approach based on which we can emphasize on mitigating the risk of drought. This article discusses the basic concepts of drought, the principles and objectives of drought policies, and the drought planning process that is effective in developing drought mitigation programs.
hamidreza ghazvinian; saeed farzin; Hojat Karami; sayed farhad mousavi
Abstract
There are several water storage reservoirs in different cities of Iran. These reservoirs are used to store irrigation water on agricultural lands. Improper use of water resources, pollution of water resources due to the entrance of urban and industrial wastewaters, as well as natural factors such as ...
Read More
There are several water storage reservoirs in different cities of Iran. These reservoirs are used to store irrigation water on agricultural lands. Improper use of water resources, pollution of water resources due to the entrance of urban and industrial wastewaters, as well as natural factors such as evaporation from open water surfaces, leads to available water losses. To reduce water evaporation from storage reservoirs and pools, several methods have been proposed such as using physical and chemical materials. One of the physical materials that can be used to control evaporation is floating covers of polystyrene sheets. In this study, the rate of evaporation reduction in the standard Colorado evaporation pan was investigated by adding 3 mm thick, 50 g/m2, 8000 Rials/m2 polystyrene sheets with 60% coverage. Results revealed that this material has proper function in controlling and reducing evaporation. By doing this test from June 2018 to September 2018 for 4 months in Semnan city, it was observed that polystyrene sheets could reduce evaporation by an average of 44%. Other advantages of this material include its cheapness, good durability against sunlight (about 3 years), water environment and no water contamination.
N Heydari
Abstract
Under water scarcity conditions livestock production, because of its high content virtual water, has been one of the challenging issues in the scientific literature in this regard.A few scientific references believe that forage crops production, because of their high water requirements, make pressure ...
Read More
Under water scarcity conditions livestock production, because of its high content virtual water, has been one of the challenging issues in the scientific literature in this regard.A few scientific references believe that forage crops production, because of their high water requirements, make pressure on water resources of scarce-water countries.Other references are on this idea that there is to somehow exaggeration on the high water requirements of the livestock productions.Therefore, in most cases the livestock water productivity(LWP), especially when the protein content and nutritional values of livestock products and other services are considered, is comparable with the water productivity(WP) of agricultural crops. However, similar to the issues of improvement of WP in agriculture, the key point of livestock production from limited water resources is the improvement of LWP.LWP is defined as the ratio of the net benefit obtained from livestock products and other services to the water used for such productions and services. Livestock water productivity does not seek to maximise the number of livestock or the production of animal products and services. Rather, it opens opportunities to produce the same benefits with fewer animals and less demand for agricultural water. This paper reviews different views on livestock production under water scarcity circumstances considering WP and LWP improvement issues.It then deals with the definition and concepts of LWP and its methods of estimation and calculations.The paper provides some apparent values of LWP measured in different studies and elaborates the issues, difficulties, and sources of errors in this regard. Livestock production could be indicative of an efficient or inefficient use of water resources depending to the method of estimates,calculation approach, and or selected scale. Paper concludes that for the required links between livestock production and use of water resources, especially in the mixed livestock-farming systems and in basin-scale are not established well.
zahra noori; Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki
Abstract
Low rainfall with poor temporal and spatial distribution, scarcity of water resources, and the increasing demand for water are major problems in arid and semiarid regions. The efficient use of water resources and efforts to achieve new water sources are two main solutions to slightly overcome these problems. ...
Read More
Low rainfall with poor temporal and spatial distribution, scarcity of water resources, and the increasing demand for water are major problems in arid and semiarid regions. The efficient use of water resources and efforts to achieve new water sources are two main solutions to slightly overcome these problems. Among these, rainwater harvesting is one of the most prominent methods for rainwater management to confront the scarcity of water that is rapidly developing in many areas. Due to the variety and extent of rainwater harvesting methods, characteristics such as the amount of rainfall and its distribution, topography, soil type, soil depth, social and economic factors, as well as the water consumption in each area must be considered when selecting the appropriate method. In this paper, firstly, the factors affecting the selection and design of each rainwater harvesting method is studied that includes natural factors such as weather conditions, topography, runoff, and the technical, economic, social, and organisational factors. Then, the different methods of rainwater harvesting systems including microcatchment, macrocatchment, and rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are expressed in detail.
Seyed Hossein Hosseini; hasan yousofi
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the power of any country to regulate, allocate, and control water resources depends primarily on the existence of a legal framework to manage and protect water resources. The rules and approaches to protect water rights in many countries, including Iran, are often complex and dispersed, ...
Read More
Undoubtedly, the power of any country to regulate, allocate, and control water resources depends primarily on the existence of a legal framework to manage and protect water resources. The rules and approaches to protect water rights in many countries, including Iran, are often complex and dispersed, and are very far from the modern modes of water management. The criminal protection of water rights has been sporadically observed in the laws of Iran, both before and after the Islamic Revolution. These regulations do not provide the opportunity for the public to have a fair share of water resources. On the other hand, they do not prevent the commission of abusive behaviours against the water resources, and maybe these laws have somehow intensified the water crisis in the country. Iran's comprehensive water legislation, followed within the framework of the constitution and general policies of the system, with regards to the economy, security, and political value of water, aims to solve the existing challenges and is committed to the effective protection of water rights.
azizallah izady; Kamran Davary
Abstract
This research aims at determining and evaluating the water productivity indexes in Astan-Ghods-Razavi Companies for different crops during 2007-2008 growth season. Required field data were collected during several field surveys. These data consisted of crop yields and crop consumptive water that is irrigated ...
Read More
This research aims at determining and evaluating the water productivity indexes in Astan-Ghods-Razavi Companies for different crops during 2007-2008 growth season. Required field data were collected during several field surveys. These data consisted of crop yields and crop consumptive water that is irrigated by distinct agriculture well. With regard to collected data, four water productivity indexes were calculated. To facilitate comparisons, the calculated water productivity indexes became dimensionless and then were scored. After that, common crops of different agriculture wells were compared together. The results show that Corn crop with score of 1.42 for Mashhad, Pistachio crop with score of 1.61 for Sarakhs, Wheat crop with score of 2.27 for Esfarayen, Pistachio and barley with score of 0.5 for Bardaskan, Corn crop with score of 2.27 for Torbat Heidarieh and Pistachio crop with score of 1.61 for Gonabad have best water productivity. Also, the best and worst crop water productivity among different sub-companies is Wheat crop in the Mashhad and Wheat crop in the Esfarayen and Alfalfa in the Gonabad together, respectively. Finally, it is found that Mashhad and Esfarayen are the best and worst sub-companies of water productivity.
Hamid Omranian Khorasani; Kamran Davary; Ali Bagheri; Elham Gheisani
Abstract
Action Without a framework, not justified and likely will face a failure or a problem. Due to the multiplicity of factors, extent and complexity of "water resource management context" and the long-term effectiveness of the measures in this context, a definitive explanation seems necessary. This paper ...
Read More
Action Without a framework, not justified and likely will face a failure or a problem. Due to the multiplicity of factors, extent and complexity of "water resource management context" and the long-term effectiveness of the measures in this context, a definitive explanation seems necessary. This paper proposed a framework, which is based on work carried out under the title "The strategic management of water resources in the southern province" has been prepared, it is reported. In this framework to transform "ideal vision" or the understanding of the overall solution, the utility plans "road map" is used. Framework's steps are: «The status quo», «Group owners discussion», «Developing a shared vision», «Explanation of macro policies», «Road map», «Defining operational policies» and at last «Operational planning». Each steps Details are presented. Before editing action plans, operational policies consistency with the four criteria of consensus, fairness, trustworthiness and reversible are controlled.
