Document Type : review paper
Authors
1 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
2 National Salinity Research Centre
Abstract
Due to the lack of fresh water resources, the use of saline water for the production of plants such as wheat and kochia is inevitable. To sustain production, the effect of saline water on the plants and soil in each region must be studied. Therefore in this paper, the effects of irrigation with saline water to produce plants such as wheat and kochia, as well as changes in the soil salinity profile (in terms of farmers and research fields), were evaluated in Golestan province based on the results of previous studies. Overall, the results indicated that the use of saline waters, which are unsuitable based on water quality criteria in the agriculture sector, have a significant effect on increasing production. Yield production was acceptable in saline lands in which the soil salinity was above the threshold of the plant (such as wheat, barley, canola, and kochia) salinity tolerance. In the short term, the salinity distribution of the soil profile at planting and the early growth stage of wheat was lower because of the sufficient rainfall during the autumn and winter periods. The main causes of salt accumulation and gradual increase of salinity in the soil profile are poor drainages and inadequate leaching mainly due to inadequate rainfall during the off season. If saline water was used for salt tolerance summer crop (such as kochia), the winter and autumn rainfall reduces the surface soil salinity and provides an important opportunity for emerging for the next year. Although rainfall is an unpredictable element, for sustainable production under a saline condition in some years leaching is necessary for reducing the salinity.
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