Evapotranspiration Models in the Greenhouse Cultures: Data Analysis and Methods

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 National University of Singapore, Singapore

Abstract
The accurate estimation of evapotranspiration in greenhouses is crucial for the optimal utilization of water resources and accurate irrigation scheduling, leading to improved water use efficiency. Various experimental and physical models are commonly used to estimate evapotranspiration based on climate data. In this review, the relationship between greenhouse technology and reference models for estimating evapotranspiration (ETo) or crop evapotranspiration estimation models (ETc) was analysed. The classification of greenhouses, the equipment commonly used, and the data collected for ETo and ETc measurements were also analysed in this study. In general, this study aimed to evaluate, and summarise the currently available ETo and ETc models used in different greenhouse categories, and to assess the degree of accuracy of the widely used models in estimating ETo and ETc. The results showed that the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation performed best among all models and can be considered as the best method for estimating ETo in low-tech plastic greenhouses that are widely used in Iran. If greenhouse ETc models become more user-friendly and accessible, the likelihood or chance of rapid dissemination and adoption of advances in ETc estimation technology by a larger community of greenhouse crop producers will increase. The overview presented in this study highlighted the relationship between greenhouse technology and ETo and ETc models. Studies have also shown that the knowledge and methods available in ETc measurements can positively increase the sustainability of greenhouse agriculture.

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Subjects

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  • Receive Date 03 February 2025
  • Revise Date 06 April 2025
  • Accept Date 07 April 2025