Document Type : Analytical note
Authors
1 Gozin Sazeh Toos Consulting Engineers Co.
2 Gozin Sazeh Tus consulting engineers company
Abstract
Water conflicts represent inevitable challenges in societies facing increasing scarcity and competing demands for limited resources. Addressing these conflicts requires intelligent governance approaches grounded in active community participation and endogenous development. This analytical paper traces the historical evolution of water management in Iran—from traditional community-based systems to centralized state control—and critically examines the negative consequences of the state’s monopolistic and bureaucratic approach. Building upon theoretical foundations such as Ostrom’s commons governance principles, the subsidiarity principle, and social–ecological resilience theory, the study emphasizes the necessity of redefining the government’s role from a direct operator to a facilitator and regulator. Drawing on successful experiences from Iran (Tajan and Tazehabad), as well as Kenya, Uganda, and Peru, the paper proposes a stepwise framework for a gradual transition toward community-based water management. The findings indicate that empowering local institutions, utilizing indigenous knowledge, and ensuring participatory monitoring can substantially reduce social tensions, improve water sustainability, and decrease management costs. The study concludes that the water crisis in Iran is primarily a governance crisis and recommends legal reforms, transparency mechanisms, and pilot projects to institutionalize participatory governance and enhance national water resilience.
Keywords: Water conflicts, community participation, state control, facilitation, endogenous development, water governance.
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