Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources in Aquaculture: Quality Challenges, Water Resources Engineering Requirements, and Sustainability Strategies

Document Type : Technical paper

Authors

Mohammad Nouri ¹

Monireh Faghani ²

Farzaneh Kia ²

¹ Department of Structures and Water Resources, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

² Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22067/jwsd.v13i1.2512-1479

Abstract

The use of cultured fish in unconventional water resources, including saline water, reclaimed water, and industrial effluents, has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing aquaculture production and strengthening food security. Owing to the availability and diversity of these alternative water resources, particularly in regions facing freshwater scarcity, their utilization can alleviate pressure on conventional freshwater ecosystems while improving environmental sustainability. This review examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of unconventional water resources in aquaculture. The focus is on water quality, including salinity and contaminant concentrations, and its critical role in fish growth and survival. Research shows that some species, such as native fish, can be somewhat resistant to high salinity and pollution-induced stresses. The study also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and the development of new technologies in optimizing farming conditions. It also provides solutions to reduce negative environmental impacts and improve economic profitability. The study showed that sustainable exploitation of unconventional water resources in aquaculture requires a comprehensive approach that can harmonize economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The most important practical suggestion is to formulate and communicate specific quality standards for these resources, along with the development of low-cost treatment technologies and the selection of indigenous resistant species. Only through close cooperation between the government, the private sector and operators, and with the continuous implementation of these integrated policies, can a sustainable future be achieved in the aquaculture industry.

Keywords

Aquaculture

Unconventional Water Resources

Saline Waters

Water Quality

Food Security

Subjects

• Surface and Groundwater Resources

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