Gaps in International Laws Related to the Protection of Water Resources

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Mohammad Javad Heydarian dolatabadi ¹

Ehsan Aliakbari Baboukani ²

¹ Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

² Faculty of Theology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

10.22067/jwsd.v13i1.2512-1477

Abstract

Industrial pollution, excessive exploitation, and unsustainable management of water resources have not only degraded aquatic ecosystems and reduced biodiversity but have also generated significant consequences for public health, social security, and economic development. This article addresses the central question of whether the existing frameworks of international law possess the necessary capacity to effectively prevent and respond to destructive acts against water resources. The research hypothesizes that the current international legal system, despite the existence of various treaties and dispersed legal instruments, lacks sufficient capacity to criminalize and ensure effective accountability for such acts. Employing an analytical-documentary methodology, the study draws upon statistical data, reports issued by international organizations, and case studies from critical regions around the world. The analysis of international legal instruments further reveals significant structural gaps and deficiencies in the identification, prevention, and punishment of destructive acts targeting water resources. The article concludes that the existing legal frameworks are inadequate to address the complex and transnational dimensions of this phenomenon. It argues that the explicit and autonomous criminalization of destructive acts against water resources at the international level constitutes a necessary prerequisite for the effective protection of these resources and for safeguarding fundamental human rights.

Keywords

Environmental Crime

Water Resources Pollution

Climate Change

Environmental Sustainability

Subjects

• Water Management and Economy

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