anoosh esfandiari
Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2022
Water Management and Economy
M. Ghochanian; Mohammad Fashaee
Abstract
Social conflicts around the water axis, salinization of water resources, declining groundwater levels, etc. indicate the existence of major shortcomings in the country's water management system. Some of these consequences are due to natural factors such as drought, climate change, etc. Another part is ...
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Social conflicts around the water axis, salinization of water resources, declining groundwater levels, etc. indicate the existence of major shortcomings in the country's water management system. Some of these consequences are due to natural factors such as drought, climate change, etc. Another part is affected by water governance policies. Governance and management are similar in general, but in fact management in the form of executive and governance activities is the existing structural framework for the implementation of those activities. Water governance is a range of political, social, economic, and administrative systems that exist for the development and management of water resources and the provision of water services at various levels of society and is a direct mechanism for people's livelihood. Another reason for the importance of governance is the relationship with some macro indicators of society. The indicators of good governance vary according to the circumstances of each society. In the process of evaluating good governance, any kind of judgment and evaluation should be based on certain criteria and indicators. Localization of indicators in any society will accelerate the achievement of stability in the desired area. In this article, with the aim of being aware of the global knowledge in order to implement good water governance in the country, the various stages of changes in world water management were examined and its effects on domestic water policy and management were pointed out. Then, a comparative study of local water resources management and indigenous knowledge with indicators and principles of good governance was conducted. Finally, by explaining the context and structure of the principles of governance in the country, it became clear that good governance will be possible through accountability, the right to comment, and social justice, which are of great importance.
Water Management and Economy
Mostafa Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh; Aghil Gankhaki
Abstract
Additive and Negative impacts of climate change in recent years, such as consecutive drought, simultaneously with increasing urban population and rate urbanization, has caused most countries in the world, including Iran, faced a shortage of accessible water resources; But in response to these ...
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Additive and Negative impacts of climate change in recent years, such as consecutive drought, simultaneously with increasing urban population and rate urbanization, has caused most countries in the world, including Iran, faced a shortage of accessible water resources; But in response to these shortcomings, managers and decision-makers at different levels, without considering the interests of all stakeholders and their participation in related decisions, by emphasizing supply-oriented solutions and have refrained implementation of integrated water resources management. This study aims to identify and evaluate the challenges of governance and integrated management of urban water resources in a descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, after determining and extracting the desired indicators using the opinions of academic experts and managers, and decision-makers related to the subject, Shannon entropy weighting methods to weigh these challenges and the combined TOPSIS ranking method to determine and display the situation the cities of Bushehr province have been used in relation to each other. According to the results; The challenges of "secession and numerous decision-making organizations in water resources management" and "emphasis on water supplying policies" with weights of 0.089 and 0.086, respectively, were identified as the most important challenges. The results of the study of selected indicators of water resources governance and analysis of the quantitative research model have shown that the cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, and Deylam at the level of "absolutely desirable governance", Borazjan city at the level of "optimal governance", Ahram, Khormoj, and Assaluyeh at the level of "governance" On average, the cities of Kangan and Jam are at the level of "unfavorable rule" and the city of Deir is at the level of "completely undesirable rule".
Water Management and Economy
Taraneh sarami; hamid Balali; Reza Movahedi
Abstract
Understanding groundwater resource systems is crucial to protecting and monitoring them. Despite many studies on water resources management and related issues and biosafety, Attempts to systematically identify, classify, or analyze stakeholders and the importance of their role and position in participatory ...
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Understanding groundwater resource systems is crucial to protecting and monitoring them. Despite many studies on water resources management and related issues and biosafety, Attempts to systematically identify, classify, or analyze stakeholders and the importance of their role and position in participatory management and governance of water resources are very rare. Therefore, this study is to identify and understand the importance of stakeholders in terms of power and interests in the field of groundwater resources in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. The statistical population of the study includes farmers exploiting groundwater resources and experts of organizations related to groundwater resources in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. Based on the results of experts opinions matrix and farmers, the regional water organization, MPs and the water and sewerage organization with averages of 93.35, 6.7 and 6.77 with the highest power, respectively, Also, in terms of benefits, farmers, regional water organization and Jihad-e-Agriculture organization have higher benefits with averages of 6.97, 16.7 and 5.5, respectively. Also, the results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there is no significant difference between the opinions of the two groups in terms of power and interests of stakeholders. According to both groups, the most benefits are related to farmers because they are the main actors and stakeholders in the use and exploitation of groundwater resources. Based on the matrix of stakeholders, the necessary strategies were adopted for each sector. The results of this study can be considered as an initial understanding and identification of stakeholders and then as a basis for analysis with emphasis on the development of programs and strategies needed to improve the protection and exploitation of groundwater resources.
Water Management and Economy
Saeid Nasire Zare; Asghar Tahmasebi
Abstract
Many regions in Iran, are facing significant stagnation of natural resources, including access to sufficient and sustainable water, and its adverse consequences have appeared in many sustainability indicators of these regions. Good governance is commonly recognized as the most important initiative for ...
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Many regions in Iran, are facing significant stagnation of natural resources, including access to sufficient and sustainable water, and its adverse consequences have appeared in many sustainability indicators of these regions. Good governance is commonly recognized as the most important initiative for addressing the agricultural water shortage in the country. Thus, it is crucially important to examine the priority area of interventions for the realization of water governance. With this in mind, this research is conducted to identify the key factors and driving forces of agriculture water governance in Tarom County in Iran. The required data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 29 managers and experts in agriculture, environmental protection, and rural water supply and sewerage departments and were coded and analyzed using MAXQDA software. Then, the interaction of identifies key factors was examined by pairwise comparison questionnaires filled by 12 experts and managers and analyzed with MICMAC Software. The findings revile that, the governance of agricultural water resources in Tarom city is unstable and the facilitation of stakeholder’s participation and, decentralization and delegation of authority to the local level are two main driving forces for the realization of water governance in the region. Furthermore, improving the irrigation water efficiency, formulation of appropriate regulatory policies in water supply and demand sections, as well as proper management of surface and groundwater are identified and recommendable as the key goals for improving agriculture water governance.
Water Management and Economy
abdolhakim kalami; H Mehrani; parviz saeidi; Ebrahim Abbasi
Abstract
Drought, population growth, industrialization of society, and expansion of urbanization are the factors that have led to the crisis of water resources in the country, In this regard, social marketing has an effective role in improving the pattern of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study ...
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Drought, population growth, industrialization of society, and expansion of urbanization are the factors that have led to the crisis of water resources in the country, In this regard, social marketing has an effective role in improving the pattern of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting social marketing in the field of water and wastewater industry. This research was applied in terms of purpose and since the implementation method was a descriptive survey with a mixed exploratory. approach. In the qualitative stage, the research team consisted of 16 academic and organizational experts who were selected by the targeted method and snowball technique. In the quantitative stage of the statistical population, there were 3500 water and sewage experts in the country. The sample size was determined to be 346 according to Krejcie and Morgan’s table and a simple random sampling method was used. The content analysis method was used to identify the factors and the method of the structural equation was used to analyze the relationships of variables with Smart PLS software. The results showed that the effective factors of social marketing include 20 components in the form of 6 dimensions (self-concept-perceived behavioral control-religiosity-mental norms-attitude-moral norms). Also, the results of structural equations showed that attitude factors with a coefficient (0.436) have the most and religiosity with a coefficient (0.310) has the least effect on social marketing.
Water, Ecosystem and Environment
amir malki; Sadegh Salehi; Leyla Karimi; seyed mohamad shobeiri
Abstract
With the emergence of the water crisis and its numerous consequences in Iran, researchers in various sciences have investigated the causes and offered solutions to prevent it, but most of them have not addressed the complex relations and interactions of the water sector with the wider social, political ...
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With the emergence of the water crisis and its numerous consequences in Iran, researchers in various sciences have investigated the causes and offered solutions to prevent it, but most of them have not addressed the complex relations and interactions of the water sector with the wider social, political and economic systems. The present study is based on the idea that there are different perceptions about the water problem in Iran and this difference in meanings and perceptions has been effective in passing laws and adopting the country's water policies. Using the discourse analysis method and combining the approaches of Fairclough and Laclau/Moff, the semantic system of “ the equitable water distribution” law was studied. The findings were presented in two parts: an analysis of the textual characteristics of the law and its connections to the economic, social, and political conditions of the society. The results showed that the law has been influenced by revolutionary values and conditions of the society in the early years after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Ambiguity in the definition of concepts such as justice and public interests, disbelief in water resources constraints and imminent crisis, disbelief in nature’s entity and living ecosystems, and neglect of citizens’ agency has made this law a non-equitable one that ignores the rights of nature and future generations.
Risk, Sustainability and Resilience
Iraj Saleh; narges salehnia; Seyed Shahab Mirbagheri; Hamed Akbarpoor; Mahdi Bastani
Abstract
Resilience is recognized as a potential capacity of a community at risk that faces hazards for adaptation or resistance to change to achieve or maintain an appropriate level of performance. Occurring environmental changes, rural areas are affected more and more vulnerable. Considering the importance ...
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Resilience is recognized as a potential capacity of a community at risk that faces hazards for adaptation or resistance to change to achieve or maintain an appropriate level of performance. Occurring environmental changes, rural areas are affected more and more vulnerable. Considering the importance of resilience in understanding the syntax of dealing with critical issues, this study examines the role of livelihoods diversity in resilience and welfare of the rural community in facing climate change using the factor analysis method with 5 indicators and 38 sub-indices in 2019-2020. In this study, 206 questionnaires were completed in the village of Jaro in Alborz province. To achieve the research goal, using Cronbach's alpha was first used to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that 38 factors are questioned in eight groups. In the first group (the most important group), many indicators such as participation in collective employment activities, familiarity with new market needs, business development through the use of new technologies, business development through the use of new technologies, experience in a variety of occupational environments, learning new skills in economic activities reflect the importance of recognizing the basic needs of the market and increasing the ability of villagers to carry out alternative agricultural activities in crisis.
Risk, Sustainability and Resilience
Azar Zarrin; Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari
Abstract
Climate risk management (CRM) is an organized approach that combines climate events, trends, prediction, and projection in development-related decisions to maximize benefits and minimize potential losses. Climate change changes the characteristics of risks and, hence, increases the uncertainty of the ...
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Climate risk management (CRM) is an organized approach that combines climate events, trends, prediction, and projection in development-related decisions to maximize benefits and minimize potential losses. Climate change changes the characteristics of risks and, hence, increases the uncertainty of the occurrence of risks and thus forces to redefine traditional ways of crisis management. The historical experience of the occurrence of climate hazards, as we see these days in Iran in the form of devastating floods and persistent droughts, may no longer be a good basis for crisis management. Therefore, if we want development to be based on adaptation, we must consider observable trends and long-term projections by climate models. The Climate Risk Index (CRI) is one of the items examined in this paper. Iran's CRI index score in 2019 was 27 and its global CRI ranking was 18. The CRI is significantly increasing compared to the 20-year average (2000-2020), which indicates Iran's high climatic risk. Accordingly, the national adaptation plans (NAPs), as well as the establishment of a management system compatible with climate change, drought management plan, and improving water productivity should be the basis of the country's macro-plans such as national land management plans.
Irrigation and Agriculture
Ali Akbari; Javad Mahmodi karamjavan
Abstract
This study was conducted to design and present a promotional model for improving irrigation management to deal with the water shortage crisis in East Azarbaijan province. Promoting improved irrigation management is an important key to achieving the goal of productivity of all factors of production and ...
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This study was conducted to design and present a promotional model for improving irrigation management to deal with the water shortage crisis in East Azarbaijan province. Promoting improved irrigation management is an important key to achieving the goal of productivity of all factors of production and helping to feed the growing population of the earth. Proper irrigation management in agriculture can be one of the most important and basic strategies to deal with the water scarcity crisis. Therefore, proper knowledge of the irrigation process, its optimal management, promotion, and proper use of agricultural water seems necessary. The required information was collected by completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all extension experts of East Azerbaijan province (N=343). The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between education, work experience, and job satisfaction with the level of irrigation management culture. Findings show the lack of knowledge of extension experts and farmers, lack of integration of agricultural lands, more expensive equipment for modern irrigation methods, and lack of choice of appropriate cultivation, which hinders the development of agricultural development in the region.
Water Quality, Recycling and Wastewater
Hamid Masoudi
Abstract
implementing large-scale projects such as municipal wastewater collection and treatment networks with the aim of reusing water in industry and agriculture, improving environmental health and quality of life, regardless of social participation, is not possible or causes high costs. The purpose of this ...
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implementing large-scale projects such as municipal wastewater collection and treatment networks with the aim of reusing water in industry and agriculture, improving environmental health and quality of life, regardless of social participation, is not possible or causes high costs. The purpose of this study is to Sociological analysis of people's social participation in the implementation of such projects. The research method was the survey and and the effect of independent variables on the dependent was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is all households living in -Zarand city of Kerman, where one of these projects is being implemented in this city, and 375 people were selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected at home and analyzed using SPSS software. Findings show that the independent variables have a direct linear relationship with the dependent and have been able to predict 36% of changes in the dependent variable. On the other hand, based on the effect coefficients of linear regression (β) of Social and cultural class (β =0.16), Existence of challenges in domestic sewage treatment (β =0.17), Knowledge of sewage project implementation methods (β =0.16), Participation in social affairs (β =0.26), quality of life Satisfaction (β =0.24), and Social and institutional trust (β=0.15) are effective on participating in the implementation of Zarand municipal Wastewater treatment plan. In another part of the findings, it has been identified that the most important effects of this project from the people's point are increasing water for industry, reducing the risks of wells falling, and improving the health quality of neighborhoods. To optimally implement this plan, suggestions are provided at the end of the article.
Water Quality, Recycling and Wastewater
Hamid Adab; Maryam Abbasi
Abstract
Purifier porous concrete as a new technology in the development of urban areas for the controlling and physical treatment of runoff has been considered in many industrialized countries in recent years. The use of recycled compounds in the manufacture of concrete in order to reduce the pressure on natural ...
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Purifier porous concrete as a new technology in the development of urban areas for the controlling and physical treatment of runoff has been considered in many industrialized countries in recent years. The use of recycled compounds in the manufacture of concrete in order to reduce the pressure on natural resources and also lower the carbon dioxide generation for environmental preservation and sustainable development is the main challenge of the civil industry. In this study, two types of recycled ceramic and crushed concrete aggregates and one type of pumice aggregate with pozzolanic properties were used to make porous concrete to achieve the study’s goals and necessity. Six mixing plans were designed with high priority of permeability, sufficient strength, and suitable filtration. Mechanical properties including adsorption, density, porosity, permeability, and compressive strength and treatment efficiency (TOC removal) tests were performed on concrete samples. The results of studies showed that the use of pumice up to 25% replacement with recycled construction materials increased the porosity and permeability of concrete by 13 and 43%, respectively, and its density and compressive strength decreased by 12.5 and 39%, respectively, compared to the control sample. In the view of the removal of TOC, a 13% increase in yield was observed for the sample with a 25% replacement of pumice. The outstanding performance of the mixing plan containing pumice aggregates in mechanical strength and treatability can be considered a new approach to the use of recycled materials in the development and construction of urban areas.
Water Transfer & Hydraulic Structures
Maryam Teymouri yeganeh
Abstract
The construction of structures such as gutters, despite erosion control, can be due to the formation of a localized flow structure such as sudden expansion and contraction at the flow passage, the formation of downstream flow, and its impact on the channel bed upstream of the gutter and The shear ...
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The construction of structures such as gutters, despite erosion control, can be due to the formation of a localized flow structure such as sudden expansion and contraction at the flow passage, the formation of downstream flow, and its impact on the channel bed upstream of the gutter and The shear layer and the resulting turbulence can cause local erosion and threat to the structure. In this research, using the two-dimensional numerical model SRH-2D, the flow pattern around the spur dike wall was simulated with angles of 45, 90, and 135 degrees in the channel. The results showed that with an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the return zone of the stream will be about 2 and 8 times shorter than the 90 and 135° angle, respectively. However, in a spur dike with a 90 degree angle, the length of the return zone is about 3.5 times shorter than when the breaker is located at an angle of 135 degrees in the channel. Also, shear stress in the areas close to the floor in the spur dike with an angle of 45 degrees is the lowest value and the breaker with an angle of 135 degrees has the highest value.
mokhtar hashemi
Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2022, Pages 135-144
mokhtar hashemi
Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2022, Pages 145-148
