Water Management and Economy
Ali Bagheri; A. Shojaei Shahrokhabadi; Seyad Mohamad Mahdi Noorbakhsh
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2024
Abstract
Editorial: Native knowledge of water resource management and reinterpreting it with today's language of knowledgeShort note:Native knowledge and Nature based solutions: A link for a sustainable future
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Editorial: Native knowledge of water resource management and reinterpreting it with today's language of knowledgeShort note:Native knowledge and Nature based solutions: A link for a sustainable future
Surface and Groundwater Resources
Majid Zarezadeh; Saedeh Khwarazmi; Hoda Mansouri
Abstract
Water supply with new methods has always been emphasized by researchers and statesmen. Water scarcity and droughts in recent years in Iran have pushed the agricultural approach from traditional methods to modern methods, especially greenhouse cultivation. The advantages of this cultivation in reducing ...
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Water supply with new methods has always been emphasized by researchers and statesmen. Water scarcity and droughts in recent years in Iran have pushed the agricultural approach from traditional methods to modern methods, especially greenhouse cultivation. The advantages of this cultivation in reducing the wastage of energy and water, as well as the possibility of controlling pests and diseases, have led to an increase in the use of this method in the country. Nowadays, the use of solar panels as the roof of the structure to provide renewable energy has also been added to this process. In this research, the construction of a greenhouse structure with a roof covered with organic solar panels with south-direction and east-west orientations has been investigated by selecting a part in the Bashagard area of Hormozgan province. Modeling using PVSol software showed that the energy produced from these two types of east-west and south-direction coverage is 54293565 and 43697736-kilowatt hours per year, respectively. In addition to the aspect of energy production, based on the estimations, the roof slope was used and a piping system was created to collect rainwater in the study area, about 7500 cubic meters of rainwater was collected, which is about 4% of the amount of water consumed in this greenhouse complex.
Surface and Groundwater Resources
S.J. Hedayat; M. Ebrahimi-Khusfi; K. Omidvar; M. Sharifi Paicoon
Abstract
Fresh water availability and its shortage is one of the most important issues in the world today that some countries are facing. In the last two decades, Kabul province, Afghanistan, has seen a decrease in water resources under the influence of natural and human factors. The purpose of this research ...
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Fresh water availability and its shortage is one of the most important issues in the world today that some countries are facing. In the last two decades, Kabul province, Afghanistan, has seen a decrease in water resources under the influence of natural and human factors. The purpose of this research is to use satellite data and remote sensing techniques to investigate changes in surface and underground water resources in Kabul province. For this purpose, the satellite data and products available in the Google Earth Engine in the period 2000 to 2022 and the climate data of ground stations in the period 2006 to 2021 have been used, which include: evaporation data- Transpiration, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Global Product of Surface Water Areas (JRC), GRACE data, OLS Satellite Night Images, Sentinel 2 Satellite Image, Landsat 7 Satellite Image, Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall Data. The change process of the used data was analyzed through the Mann-Kendall test and the significance level of these data was checked. The supervised classification method was used on the two mentioned images to calculate the area of vegetation, water area, residential areas, and barren lands. The obtained results show the reduction of underground water resources (significant reduction trend of GRACE satellite data) and the reduction of the surface water area changes in Kabul province, under the influence of natural and human factors, which among these factors can reduce He pointed out the amount of rainfall, increase in temperature, increase in evaporation-transpiration, increase in the level of vegetation and physical development of Kabul city and increase in the population using water resources.
Water, Ecosystem and Environment
Rezvan Salajegheh; Saeed Reza Khodshenas; Seyed Arman Hashemi Monfared; Kazem Esmaili; Fereshteh Modaresi
Abstract
Critical to human survival, water resources, including groundwater and particularly rivers, are under threat from anthropogenic pollution. The major Kashafrud River, located in northeastern Iran, is a seasonal watercourse currently encountering numerous challenges. At present, a stretch of this historic ...
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Critical to human survival, water resources, including groundwater and particularly rivers, are under threat from anthropogenic pollution. The major Kashafrud River, located in northeastern Iran, is a seasonal watercourse currently encountering numerous challenges. At present, a stretch of this historic river (Parkandabad to the basin's exit) carries wastewater, comprising industrial, urban, agricultural, and even livestock effluents, transforming it into a conduit for sewage. This study reviews existing research on the challenges faced by the Kashafrud River, including pollution, climate change, and its impacts, as well as reduced runoff and drought. It outlines the crisis afflicting the river and then explores solutions to mitigate the current conditions. This research process involved reviewing previous studies on the challenges of Kashafrud, conducting field visits, engaging in discussions with local residents, and validating these findings through consultation with regional water experts responsible for overseeing this water course. Research indicates that there has been a limited focus on the pollution issue in Kashafrud, underscoring the evident necessity for comprehensive scientific inquiry aimed at presenting suitable solutions to tackle river contamination. In conclusion, through analyzing solutions proposed in previous studies and summarizing their strengths and weaknesses, 13 practical solutions were presented to provide the most effective strategies for addressing the challenges of this significant river.
Water, Ecosystem and Environment
Somayeh Parsa; Azar Zarrin; Abbas Mofidi; Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues in water resource management is the impact of climate change on the water supply. It is necessary to examine the effects of climate change on Afghanistan, which is vital to Iran's water resources. To investigate the temperature and precipitation and their variability ...
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One of the most challenging issues in water resource management is the impact of climate change on the water supply. It is necessary to examine the effects of climate change on Afghanistan, which is vital to Iran's water resources. To investigate the temperature and precipitation and their variability in Afghanistan and the two basins of Helmand and Hariroud, MSWX data was used from 1981 to 2020. To project the future climate, the output of five CMIP6 models was used for the near future (2026-2050). To reduce the uncertainty of individual models, a multi-model ensemble was generated. The area-averaged precipitation trend showed that the precipitation in Afghanistan, Helmand, and Hariroud basins has decreased by 11.2, 12.2, and 12.3 mm/decade, respectively. The area-averaged temperature has increased by 0.43, 0.45, and 0.57 oC/decade over Afghanistan, Helmand, and Hariroud basins, respectively. The results showed that the temperature in all three investigated regions will have a positive anomaly in the near future under SP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. On the other hand, the precipitation anomaly will be negative under SSP2-4.5 in the northern regions of Afghanistan and the two studied basins. The entire area of Afghanistan and two basins will experience a negative anomaly of precipitation under SSP5-8.5.
Risk, Sustainability and Resilience
Reza Khorram; Vahid Makkizadeh; Hossein Mansoori
Abstract
Climate change, including drought, is an important threat to sustainable development. Entrepreneurial businesses are undeniable due to their acceptance and adaptation to environmental changes to respond to critical conditions. This research has been done with the aim of "analyzing the responses of entrepreneurs ...
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Climate change, including drought, is an important threat to sustainable development. Entrepreneurial businesses are undeniable due to their acceptance and adaptation to environmental changes to respond to critical conditions. This research has been done with the aim of "analyzing the responses of entrepreneurs to the water crisis". In addition to identifying the answers, the effects of the water crisis on entrepreneurs and the consequences of the entrepreneurs' actions on the business performance were identified. In terms of results, this research is practical and of a qualitative type of case study. The research community is entrepreneurial businesses in the three provinces of Fars, Hormozgan, and Isfahan and the field of activity: agriculture, food products, tourism, mineral and industrial materials, and animal husbandry that were affected by the water crisis. Purposeful sampling method was used and data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews between February and March of 2022, which reached theoretical saturation after conducting 13 interviews. Data analysis was done by qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the water crisis had an impact on two stages of the business value chain, i.e. "supply chain" and "production chain". Supply chain impacts include impacts on water resources and raw materials, and production impacts include impacts on products, process, assets, and production factors. The results indicate that entrepreneurs have reacted to these effects with three strategies, diversification, cooperation contracts, and processes modification. It was also found that the response of entrepreneurs to the water crisis has positive and negative effects on aspects of the company's performance (operational performance, financial performance, social performance, environmental performance).
Risk, Sustainability and Resilience
Majid Raoufi Borojeni; Siamak Koorang Beheshti; Ali Rashidpoor
Abstract
So far, many researches have been conducted in various fields of the water shortage crisis, mostly in environmental and economic fields, and in a few of them, attention has been paid to the influence of cultural elements as a moderating factor of the effects of this crisis. The present research has been ...
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So far, many researches have been conducted in various fields of the water shortage crisis, mostly in environmental and economic fields, and in a few of them, attention has been paid to the influence of cultural elements as a moderating factor of the effects of this crisis. The present research has been formed to provide a paradigmatic pattern of cultural resilience in the water shortage crisis of Zayandehrud, which was carried out using a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. Using theoretical sampling and the snowball method, the number of 24 people who were interested and concerned in the field of water shortage issues and had sufficient information, experience, or knowledge in this field were selected and during the in-depth interview Semi-structured, they expressed their answers. Data analysis was done with the Colaizzi method in the framework of grounded theory. The Lincoln and Goba evaluation method was used to validate the research, and the validity of the data was confirmed by going back to the interviewees and two coders. The findings were 22 categories, "accepting the phenomenon of water shortage as a reality" as the pivotal phenomenon, 3 categories of causal condition (sufficient information, water literacy, communication) 4 categories of contextual condition (hope, religious beliefs, attachment to the residence, economic dependence) 5 categories of intervening condition (trust, pragmatism, attitude, social responsibility, collective cooperation) 5 interaction strategy (change in habits of oneself and others, participation, prevention, saving) and 4 categories of consequences (productivity, entrepreneurship, creativity and awareness) were categorized.
Water Transfer & Hydraulic Structures
Mohammad Naghavi; Mirali Mohammadi
Abstract
Flood plains of rivers play a significant role in the transfer of flood discharge. In this research, the vertical distribution of the longitudinal and transverse flow velocities and the amount of discharge passing through different sections of the main channel in flooded meandering rivers under the effect ...
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Flood plains of rivers play a significant role in the transfer of flood discharge. In this research, the vertical distribution of the longitudinal and transverse flow velocities and the amount of discharge passing through different sections of the main channel in flooded meandering rivers under the effect of the change in floodplain width and relative depth were investigated. Because the fact that the width of the floodplain is constantly changing along the river's path, in this article, from the four meandering compound channels with floodplain widths of 3.3, 4.31, 5.32, and 6.33 meters and three relative depths of 0.26, 0.35 and 0.45 were used. The results of the numerical simulation showed that with the increase in the width of the floodplain, the value of longitudinal and transverse flow velocities decreases and these changes in the transverse and longitudinal flow velocities are more noticeable due to the change in the width of the floodplain in the middle sections and above the overflow depth of the main channel, so that with the increase 92% of the width of the floodplain, the value of the maximum transverse and longitudinal flow velocity in the middle section decreases by 21% and 25%, respectively. Also, according to the results of this research, with a 92% increase in the width of the floodplain, the average flow velocity and discharge through different sections of the main channel will decrease by 24% and 33%, respectively.
Water Transfer & Hydraulic Structures
Malihe Nazari; Ali Maroof; Ali Akhtarpour; Jafar Bolouri
Abstract
Internal erosion is a common reason for dam failure, which is caused by soil subsidence and the formation of sinkholes. This phenomenon typically occurs in internally unstable soils. The dam is located in Neyshabour City and is built on a deep alluvial foundation with gap-graded and concave gradation ...
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Internal erosion is a common reason for dam failure, which is caused by soil subsidence and the formation of sinkholes. This phenomenon typically occurs in internally unstable soils. The dam is located in Neyshabour City and is built on a deep alluvial foundation with gap-graded and concave gradation soils. This study aims to investigate the potential for soil suffusion and the impact of compaction and surcharge on internal erosion. Initially, Data was collected after the dam impounding, index tests were conducted on soil samples. Subsequently, three methods were used to assess the probability of suffusion based on the particle size distribution and experimental criteria. Two methods indicated soil was internally unstable, while one method indicated stability. To study the influence of compaction. Soil samples were tested at different densities under four water head conditions. The results indicated that the soil has the potential for suffusion and is internally unstable. Furthermore, the study found that compaction reduced soil erosion, with the amount of washed fine particles decreasing from 4.5% at 70% relative density to 0.37% at 85% density. Moreover, increasing compaction from 70% to 85% resulted in a deformation decrease from 13.3% to 3.33%.
Water Management and Economy
Mohammad Barshan
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2024, Pages 92-95
Abstract
In the early centuries, Bam was considered the second major city of Kerman and was a prosperous center that had commercial relations with Sistan and Khorasan. In this article, a report on the exploitation of water resources in this region is presented.
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In the early centuries, Bam was considered the second major city of Kerman and was a prosperous center that had commercial relations with Sistan and Khorasan. In this article, a report on the exploitation of water resources in this region is presented.
Water Management and Economy
Mohammad Samiee; Nafise Seyednezhad
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2024, Pages 96-98
Water, Ecosystem and Environment
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2024, Pages 99-99
Abstract
The book "Water Management" is the result of ten years of efforts of a motivated and tireless team that tried to tell about the necessity of adopting new approaches and paying attention to new topics in the country's water management through the scientific study of the components of water resource and ...
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The book "Water Management" is the result of ten years of efforts of a motivated and tireless team that tried to tell about the necessity of adopting new approaches and paying attention to new topics in the country's water management through the scientific study of the components of water resource and consumption management.
Water Transfer & Hydraulic Structures
K. Esmaili; Maedeh Oskouhi; V. Mortazavi Amiri
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2024, Pages 100-139
Abstract
This report focuses on the multifaceted approach to dam construction in Iran, considering the significance and role of dams in water storage, flood control, hydropower generation, and agricultural advancement. The construction of each dam must take into account its environmental, economic, social, cultural, ...
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This report focuses on the multifaceted approach to dam construction in Iran, considering the significance and role of dams in water storage, flood control, hydropower generation, and agricultural advancement. The construction of each dam must take into account its environmental, economic, social, cultural, and security impacts, and it should be technically justifiable. This inquiry aims to examine the role of dam construction in the development of water resources based on the assigned functions of dams. It seeks to answer the question, from the perspective of experts and stakeholders in the field of dam construction: Have the dams that have been built or are currently under construction and design in Iran met the primary criteria for construction and design to achieve this goal? The response to this question is provided through an evaluation of various expert opinions and an analysis of discourses, presented in a comprehensive volume for those interested in the subject.
