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مدل‌های تبخیر و تعرق در کشت‌های گلخانه‌ای: تحلیل داده‌ها و روش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشگاه ملی سنگاپور، سنگاپور

چکیده
برآورد دقیق تبخیر و تعرق در گلخانه‏‌ها برای استفاده بهینه از منابع آب و برنامه‌‏ریزی دقیق آبیاری که منجر به بهبود راندمان مصرف آب می‌‏شود، اهمیت بالایی دارد. مدل‌های تجربی و فیزیکی متعددی به‏‌طور گسترده برای تخمین نرخ تبخیر و تعرق بر اساس داده‌های آب و هوایی استفاده می‌شوند. در این پژوهش ارتباط بین فناوری گلخانه‌‏ها و مدل‏‌های برآورد تبخیر تعرق مرجع (ET0) یا مدل‌‏های برآورد تبخیر تعرق گیاه کشت شده (ETc) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. همچنین دسته‌بندی گلخانه‌ها، تجهیزاتی که معمولاً استفاده می‌شوند و داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌ شده برای اندازه‌گیری‌های ET0 و ETc در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. به‏‌طورکلی این بررسی با هدف ارزیابی و خلاصه کردن مدل‌های ET0 و ETc موجود حال حاضر و مورد استفاده در دسته‌های مختلف گلخانه‌ای و ارزیابی سطح دقت مدل‏‌های پرکاربرد در برآورد ET0 و ETc انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد معادله پنمن- مانتیث FAO 56 بهترین عملکرد را در بین همه مدل‌ها به همراه دارد و می‌توان آن را به‏‌عنوان بهترین روش برای تخمین ETo در گلخانه‌های پلاستیکی با فناوری پایین دانست که به‌‏طور گسترده در ایران استفاده می‌شوند. اگر مدل‌های ETc گلخانه‌ای کاربر پسندتر و در دسترس‌تر شوند، احتمال یا شانس انتشار سریع و پذیرش پیشرفت‌ها در فناوری تخمین ETc توسط یک جامعه بزرگ‌تر تولیدکنندگان محصولات گلخانه‌ای، افزایش می‌یابد. در بررسی اجمالی ارائه شده در این مطالعه، ارتباط بین فناوری‎‌های گلخانه‌ای و مدل‌های ET0 و ETc برجسته شدند. همچنین بررسی‏‌ها نشان داد دانش و روش‌های موجود در اندازه‌گیری‌های ETc می‌توانند به‌‏طور مطلوب پایداری کشاورزی گلخانه‌ای را افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 36
آب، منازعات اجتماعی و مشارکت (حکمرانی)
تابستان 1404
صفحه 193-215

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 فروردین 1404