تحلیلی بر جریان برگشتی، اهمیت و مقدار آن در ایران و سایر کشورهای جهان

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

زهرا کاظمی ¹

عزیز مجیدی ²

اسماعیل علیزاده ³

جهانبخش میرزاوند ⁴

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

² بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

³ بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

⁴ بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/jwsd.v12i3.2504-1420

چکیده

کم‌‌آبی یکی از ﺑﺰرگ‌ترﻳﻦ چاﻟﺶﻫﺎی ﻗﺮن ﺣﺎﺿﺮبه ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک بوده و ﺳﺮﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺟﻬﺎن است. در مقیاس جهانی، کشاورزی فاریاب بزرگترین مصرف‌کننده آب‌های زیرزمینی است. جریان برگشتی، آب آبیاری مازادی است که در نتیجه نفوذ عمقی به یک سفره آب زیرزمینی باز می‌گردد. میزان آب برگشتی به سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی بسته به اقلیم منطقه، توپوگرافی، خاک، روش آبیاری و مقدار آن بین دو تا بیش از 70 درصد و در ایران بطور متوسط بین 0/8 تا 17/1 درصد است. مقاله مروری حاضر به بررسی پژوهش‌های مختلف صورت گرفته در زمینه آب برگشتی آبیاری، اهمیت و میزان آن در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک مانند ایران و سایر کشورها و تأثیر بکارگیری روش‌های نوین آبیاری بر آن پرداخته است. بطورکلی، میزان آب برگشتی در روش‌های آبیاری نوین (موضعی، بارانی و ...) در مقایسه با روش‌های آبیاری غرقابی، در شرایطی که کم‌آبیاری اعمال نمی‌شود به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش یافته و کاهش آلودگی آب‌های زیرزمینی و شوری خاک را نیز در مناطق مستعد به آلودگی به دنبال دارد. علاوه بر این، با کم‌آبیاری در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل، مقدار آب برگشتی آبیاری کاهش پیدا خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری غرقابی

آبیاری قطره‌ای

آلودگی

سفره آب زیرزمینی

کم آبیاری

موضوعات

• آبیاری و کشاورزی

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