نوع مقاله : مروری
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
خشکسالی یکی از خسارت‌بارترین پدیده‌های طبیعی در دهه‌های گذشته بوده است. از طرفی باتوجهبه ماهیت پیچیده و خزنده خشکسالی تعیین زمان آغاز و پایان مشخص برای آن تقریبا غیر ممکن است. دوره‌های خشک و تر در تمام اقلیم‌ها و در تمام فصول سال قابل مشاهده و مورد انتظار هستند؛ اما تنها گاهی یک دوره خشک منجر به خشکسالی می‌شود و انسان را (از جنبه‌های گوناگون) تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد، بنابراین نه تنها نمی‌توان گفت که هر دوره خشکی آغاز خشکسالی است بلکه هر دوره تر نیز پایان یک خشکسالی نیست. در این مطالعه سعی شده تا مفهوم خشکسالی (Drought) و خشک‌دوره (Dry Spell) به روشنی بیان شود و تأثیر آن‌ها بر انسان مورد بحث قرار گیرد. از طرفی باتوجهبه پیچیدگی‌های این پدیده طبیعی یک چارچوب 10 مرحله‌ای برای مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی تبیین شده است. این دستوالعمل پیچیدگی‌های این پدیده و جنبه‌های مختلف آن را مورد توجه قرار می‌دهد و یک روش برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت خشکسالی ارائه می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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